<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="6.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><rec-number>6745</rec-number><ref-type>Journal Article</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kuhlau, Frida</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">HÖGlund, Anna T.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Evers, Kathinka</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eriksson, Stefan</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A Precautionary Principle for Dual Use Research in the Life Sciences</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bioethics</style></secondary-title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A PRECAUTIONARY PRINCIPLE FOR DUAL USE RESEARCH IN THE LIFE SCIENCES</style></short-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BIOETHICS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biological</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BIOLOGY</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DECISION</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ENVIRONMENTAL</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MEDICINE</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Methodology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MILITARY</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MILITARY ethics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moral</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">policy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">professional</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">professional responsibility</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">research</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">RISK</style></keyword></keywords><taxonomies><taxonomy><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Professional Responsibility</style></taxonomy><taxonomy><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Military Ethics</style></taxonomy><taxonomy><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Medicine</style></taxonomy><taxonomy><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biology</style></taxonomy></taxonomies><pubtype><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal Article</style></pubtype><audience-level><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ug</style></audience-level><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">25</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1-8</style></pages><issn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">02699702</style></issn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Most life science research entails dual-use complexity and may be misused for harmful purposes, e.g. biological weapons. This article looks at how the precautionary principle can be applied to to the field of dual-use life science research. Four central elements of the principle are examined: threat, uncertainty, prescription and action. Certain factors such as credibility of the threat, availability of information, clear prescriptive demands on responsibility and directives on how to act, determine the suitability and success of a Precautionary Principle. Moreover, policy-makers and researchers share a responsibility for providing and seeking information about potential sources of harm. </style></abstract><doi><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10.1111/j.1467-8519.2009.01740.x</style></doi><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Article</style></work-type><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">56090381</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">KUHLAU, FRIDA 1 HÖGLUND, ANNA T. 1 EVERS, KATHINKA 1 ERIKSSON, STEFAN 1; Affiliation: 1: Centre for Research Ethics &amp; Bioethics, Uppsala University, Sweden; Source Info: Jan2011, Vol. 25 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: BIOETHICS; Subject Term: RESEARCH -- Moral &amp; ethical aspects; Subject Term: BIOLOGICAL warfare; Subject Term: DECISION making; Subject Term: ENVIRONMENTAL health; Subject Term: POLICY sciences; Subject Term: RISK management; Subject Term: METHODOLOGY; Subject Term: MORAL &amp; ethical aspects; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article</style></notes></record></records></xml>