<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="6.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><rec-number>6744</rec-number><ref-type>Journal Article</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kottow, Miguel</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The improper use of research placebos</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice</style></secondary-title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The improper use of research placebos</style></short-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">comparative</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Evidence</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EVIDENCE-based</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Human Research Subjects</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MEDICINE</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moral</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Placebos</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">RANDOMIZED</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">research</style></keyword></keywords><taxonomies><taxonomy><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Human Research Subjects</style></taxonomy><taxonomy><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Medicine</style></taxonomy></taxonomies><pubtype><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal Article</style></pubtype><audience-level><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ug</style></audience-level><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1041-1044</style></pages><issn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13561294</style></issn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This paper analyzes the use of placebos in phase III of clinical research and argues that reasons given for this practice are not ethically convincing.  The author reviews his reasons for making this claim, and argues that  that control groups should receive the best treatment in existence, not what is locally available nor a placebo. Inactive comparators should only be used when no effective medications exists for the disease under scrutiny. Bioethics should be wary of the tenuous justifications presented, as researchers rarely resort to placebos in their own sponsor countries, while actively endorsing them in Third World nations where most of their trials are being located. </style></abstract><doi><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10.1111/j.1365-2753.2009.01246.x</style></doi><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Article</style></work-type><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">56600079</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kottow, Miguel 1; Email Address: mkottow@gmail.com; Affiliation: 1: Full Professor, Universidad de Chile, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile; Source Info: Dec2010, Vol. 16 Issue 6, p1041; Subject Term: PLACEBOS (Medicine); Subject Term: COMPARATIVE studies; Subject Term: RESEARCH -- Methodology; Subject Term: EVIDENCE-based medicine; Subject Term: RANDOMIZED controlled trials; Subject Term: MORAL &amp; ethical aspects; Author-Supplied Keyword: evidence base medicine; Author-Supplied Keyword: evidence-based medical research; Author-Supplied Keyword: placebos; Author-Supplied Keyword: research ethics; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article</style></notes></record></records></xml>